In earth's atmosphere, 99% of gases only go 30km above earths surface and weather occurs with in the first 10-15km of that. some of these gases are nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and there are others but they makeup very little of the atmosphere. Of those gases nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide are invisible and carbon dioxide is the the only one that has durastically increased (by 18% since 1958). The two main gases responsible for infrared radiation are water vapor and carbon dioxide. The fraction of solar radiation reflected back to space is the albedo.
Gravity pulls gases to earth's surface. The amount of force is called air pressure. Atmospheric pressure decreases with height. Air temperature also decreases with height and the rate that it decreases is called lapse rate.
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